差集定义:一般地,设A,B是两个集合,由所有属于A且不属于B的元素组成的集合,叫做集合A减集合B(或集合A与集合B之差)。
类似地,对于集合A,B,我们把集合{x/x∈A,且x¢B}叫做A与B的差集,记作A-B记作A-B(或A\B);
即A-B={x|x∈A,且x ¢B}(或A\B={x|x∈A,且x ¢B} B-A={x/x∈B且x¢A} 叫做B与A的差集。
比如说有这么两个表:
hive> select * from A;OK1 21 32 12 33 1Time taken: 0.3 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)hive> select * from B;OK1 21 42 22 3Time taken: 0.086 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
要取出A与B的差集(A-B):
1 32 13 1
Hive可不可以用not in?可以,但只能用于单个字段。select * from A where (uid,goods) not in (select uid,goods from B);这个oracle是支持的,但hive不行。
hive> select * from A where uid not in (select uid from B);3 1Time taken: 46.09 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
Hive可不可以用not exists?显然也可以!
hive> select * from A where not exists (select * from B where A.uid=B.uid and A.goods=B.goods);1 32 13 1Time taken: 12.989 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
不过前两种貌似很费资源,在ODPS里都有限制,下面来介绍一下hive常用的求差集方法,左(右)连接 left outer join
先看一下左连接之后表是什么样的
hive> select * from A a left outer join B b on a.uid=b.uid and a.goods=b.goods;1 2 1 21 3 NULL NULL2 1 NULL NULL2 3 2 33 1 NULL NULLTime taken: 12.735 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)
现在只要取出B的uid和goods为null的行就可以了
hive> select a.* from A a left outer join B b on a.uid=b.uid and a.goods=b.goods where b.uid is null and b.goods is null;1 32 13 1Time taken: 13.023 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
转自:https://blog.csdn.net/Dr_Guo/article/details/51182626